France

Loose hacktivist collective targeting government and infrastructure with defacements and DDoS.

PLA Unit 61398 cyber-espionage group; subject of the 2013 Mandiant APT1 report.

Russian military intelligence cyber-espionage group attributed to GRU Unit 26165.

Russian SVR cyber-espionage group; perpetrators of the SolarWinds supply-chain compromise.

Dual-purpose Chinese threat group conducting espionage and financially motivated operations.

GRU Unit 74455 destructive-attack and disinformation group.

DEV-0537, widely known as Lapsus$, is an extortion-focused cybercriminal collective active since 2021, composed of members spanning multiple countries and notable for including younger individuals among its ranks. The group primarily pursues financial gain and notoriety by compromising high-profile organizations through social engineering, credential theft, and insider recruitment rather than traditional malware-heavy intrusion methods. Their targeting is broad and opportunistic, spanning sectors such as technology, telecommunications, government, finance, and retail across North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.

GRU cluster responsible for WhisperGate wiper attacks on Ukraine.

Russian-speaking cybercriminal syndicate behind Dridex banking malware and ransomware.

DPRK IT-worker fraud operation.

China-aligned cyber-espionage group targeting NGOs, religious orgs, and governments across Asia and Europe.

IRGC-aligned cluster opportunistically deploying ransomware.

IRGC-affiliated cluster involved in espionage and access brokering.

Emotet botnet operators.

TA577 (also known as Hive0118) is a financially motivated cybercriminal threat actor active since 2020, operating as an initial access broker and malware distributor with a broad targeting footprint spanning North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East. The group conducts high-volume phishing and malspam campaigns delivering malware payloads—including information stealers and ransomware—across a wide range of sectors such as finance, manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, retail, and professional services. Their primary motivation is financial gain, achieved through deploying ransomware, facilitating data theft, or selling access to compromised networks to downstream threat actors.

Belarusian disinformation and credential-theft cluster aligned with Russian objectives.

Native-English-speaking eCrime collective known for social-engineering helpdesks.

Ransomware crew historically targeting education and healthcare.

Wizard Spider is a financially motivated Russian cybercriminal group active since 2016, widely known for operating the TrickBot banking trojan and associated malware ecosystem including BazarBackdoor, Ryuk, and Conti ransomware. The group conducts sophisticated, multi-stage intrusions typically beginning with TrickBot or BazarBackdoor infections that facilitate lateral movement and ultimately ransomware deployment against high-value targets. Their operations span a broad range of sectors globally—including finance, government, healthcare, education, and critical infrastructure—across North America, Europe, Asia, and Latin America, with attacks driven primarily by large ransom demands and financial extortion.